Karakteristik Minyak dan Gas Hasil Proses Dekomposisi Termal Plastik Jenis Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30588/jo.v1i2.288Keywords:
minyak, gas, pirolisis, sampah plastik, LDPE, oil, pyrolysis, plastic wasteAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik minyak dan gas hasil proses dekomposisi termal (pirolisis) sampah plastik jenis low density polyethylene (LDPE) dengan berbagai variabel laju kenaikan suhu selama proses pirolisis terjadi. Pada proses ini digunakan reaktor pirolisis kapasitas 2 kg dengan laju kenaikan suhu sebesar 2, 4, dan 6 °C/menit sebagai variabel penelitian. Minyak dan gas yang terbentuk ditampung dalam wadah penampung dan diukur rendemennya. Karakteristik gas yang dihasilkan kemudian diuji di laboratorium menggunakan peralatan GC-MS dan peralatan uji sifat fisik khusus untuk minyak hasil pirolisis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa semakin tinggi laju kenaikan suhu, minyak yang diahsilkan semakin banyak dan gas semakin sedikit. Rendemen minyak terbesar sebesar 35,83 % dihasilkan pada proses pirolisis dengan laju kenaikan suhu 6 °C/menit, dimana pada saat itu, nilai rendemen gas adalah paling kecil, sebesar 5,83 %. Sementara hasil identifikasi gas, yang paling dominan adalah gas jenis butena, dimana kadarnya semakin kecil seiring dengan laju kenaikan suhu. Kandungan gas butena terbesar sebesar 98% pada laju kenaikan suhu 2 °C/menit. Sementara berdasarkan uji sifat fisik, karakteristik minyak plastik mendekati sifat-sifat bahan bakar minyak, terutama kerosen., sehingga cukup layak apabila dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pengganti BBM.
This study aims to determine the characteristics of oil and gas from the thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) process of waste low density polyethylene (LDPE) type plastic with various temperature increase rate variables during the pyrolysis process. In this process a 2 kg capacity pyrolysis reactor is used with a temperature increase of 2, 4, and 6 °C/min as the research variable. The oil and gas that is formed is stored in a container and the yield is measured. The characteristics of the gases produced are then tested in the laboratory using GC-MS equipment and special physical property test equipment for pyrolysis oils. Based on the research results, it was found that the higher the rate of temperature rise, the more oil is produced and the less gas. The largest oil yield of 35.83 % was produced in the pyrolysis process with a rate of temperature rise of 6 °C/min, where at that time, the value of the gas yield was the smallest, amounted to 5.83 %. While the gas identification results, the most dominant is the type of butene gas, where the levels get smaller along with the rate of temperature rise. The biggest butene gas content is 98 % at a rate of temperature rise of 2 °C/min. While based on the physical properties test, the characteristics of plastic oil approach the properties of fuel oil, especially kerosene, so it is quite feasible if used as an alternative fuel to substitute fuel.
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