Analisis Kekuatan Tarik pada Material Komposit dengan Serat Penguat Polimer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30588/jeemm.v4i2.754Keywords:
composite, komposit, polymer fibers, serat polimer, tensile test, uji tarik, HDPE, PET, fiberglassAbstract
The amount of waste generated from day to day is increasing, especially plastic waste. The solution is needed to solve the problem. It is to make plastic waste into new materials, namely composites. This study aims to determine the mechanical properties, especially the tensile strength of composite materials with polymer fibers and fiberglass, experimentally and simulated. The polymer fibers that would be examined in this study include high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and fiberglass, which would be used as a comparison. The composites were made into test specimens with the form and test method procedures following the ASTM D638 standard, which is the standard for the tensile test of composite materials. The test equipment used was UTM HT2402 with a maximum load of 20 kN. After the test, many graphs of the tensile test results were obtained for later analysis. Based on the test results, it was found that the composite with fiberglass had the highest tensile strength, 17.31 MPa. The composites with HDPE fibers had the lowest tensile strength, 11.36 MPa. The composite with PET fibers had the highest strain at 1.87 %. As indicated by the graphical form of the tensile test results and the fracture pattern, the three composites are brittle. The composites were then modeled using computer software. It could be seen that the distribution of stress and strain on the surface of the material. Stress was concentrated in the middle of the gauge length, conditioned according to the experimental test results.
Jumlah sampah yang dihasilkan dari hari ke hari semakin meningkat, terutama sampah plastik. Oleh karena itu, perlu solusi untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut. Salah satu cara adalah menjadikan sampah plastik menjadi material baru yaitu komposit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat mekanik yaitu kekuatan tarik pada material komposit dengan serat polimer dan fiberglass secara eksperimen dan simulasi. Serat polimer yang diteliti pada penelitian ini antara lain: high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), dan serat fiberglass yang digunakan sebagai pembanding. Komposit tersebut dibuat menjadi spesimen uji dengan bentuk dan prosedur metode pengujian mengikuti standard ASTM D638 yang merupakan standard untuk uji tarik material komposit. Alat uji yang digunakan yaitu UTM HT 2402 dengan beban maksimum 20 kN. Setelah pengujian, diperoleh grafik hasil uji tarik untuk kemudian dianalisa. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh hasil bahwa komposit dengan serat fiberglass memiliki kekuatan tarik tertinggi yaitu sebesar 17,31 MPa. Sedangkan, komposit dengan serat HDPE memiliki kekuatan tarik terendah yaitu sebesar 11,36 MPa. Sedangkan, komposit dengan serat PET memiliki regangan tertinggi yaitu sebesar 1,87 %. Ketiga komposit tersebut bersifat getas ditunjukkan dari bentuk grafik hasil pengujian tarik serta pola patahan. Ketiga komposit tersebut kemudian dimodelkan menggunakan software komputer. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi dapat diketahui distribusi tegangan dan regangan pada permukaan material. Tegangan yang terkonsentrasi pada bagian tengah gauge length yang dikondisikan sesuai dengan hasil pengujian secara eksperimen.
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