Strategi Implementasi Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30588/jo.v4i2.835Abstract
Pemerintah Indonesia telah mencanangkan Kebijakan Energi Nasional (KEN) yang menargetkan Indonesia menambah energi campuran yang berasal dari Energi Baru dan Terbarukan (EBT) pada tahun 2025 sebesar 23% dan pada tahun 2050 sebesar 31%. Dengan sumber energi surya yang melimpah di sekitar garis khatulistiwa, Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) menjadi salah satu peluang alternatif EBT yang menjanjikan. Sayangnya, biaya investasi pemasangan panel surya konvensional berbahan baku silikon dengan tingkat kemurnian tinggi belum kompetitif. Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) diprediksi akan menggantikan panel surya konvensional karena lebih ekonomis, mudah dibuat, serta lebih ramah lingkungan sehingga dapat meningkatkan target pemenuhan kebutuhan EBT berbasis tenaga surya. Berbeda dengan sistem konvensional di mana semikonduktor (Si) berperan sebagai penyerap cahaya sekaligus penghantar arus, kedua fungsi tersebut dijalankan oleh dua komponen berbeda pada DSSC, yakni sensitizer dan semikonduktor (TiO2). Cahaya diabsorbsi oleh lapisan sensitizer yang terikat pada semikonduktor TiO2. Arus dari elektron tereksitasi kemudian diinjeksi dari sensitizer ke pita konduksi padatan. Penulis menggunakan studi literatur untuk mengulas beberapa strategi meningkatkan Photo Conversion Efficiency (PCE) berupa pemilihan material penyusun komponen DSSC dengan memanfaatkan material yang menghasilkan PCE yang tinggi, seperti N719 (11,18%), LD4 (10,06%), dan D149 (9%) sebagai penyusun fotoanoda, counter electrode, serta pewarna sensitizer secara berturut-turut. Setelah desain ditentukan, penulis menentukan langkah implementasi DSSC secara masif di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: DSSC, PCE, Fotoanoda, Sensitizer, Counter electrode
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